I’ve read this interesting article about internal DSLs in Java, a short summary of Martin Fowler’s book on DSLs in general. I’ve been blogging about external and internal DSLs quite a lot myself, naturally, as jOOQ is the largest and most advanced free and Open Source implementation of an internal DSL in the Java ecosystem. Unlike some other DSLs that are currently being developed, jOOQ uses a BNF as a basis for its API. This guarantees that not only simple method chaining, but also grammar-like contexts can be formalised in an API.
How to construct such an API for your own DSL and grammar manually was explained in this popular blog post here:
https://blog.jooq.org/the-java-fluent-api-designer-crash-course